The Tudor Society
  • June 8 – Henry VIII’s eldest daughter, Mary, hopes for a reconciliation with her father

    A portrait of Mary I from 1544 by Master John

    On this day in Tudor history, 8 June 1536, Henry VIII’s eldest daughter, Mary, wrote to her father in hope of a reconciliation now that her stepmother, Anne Boleyn, was dead.

    Mary had been out of favour due to her refusal to accept the annulment of her parents’ marriage, her father’s supremacy and her status as illegitimate. She believed that Anne Boleyn was solely to blame for her troubles, writing that she understood that the king had “forgiven all her offences and withdrawn his displeasure”.

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  • June 7 – A queen’s physician is executed

    On this day in Tudor history, 7th June 1594, Elizabeth I’s physician, Roderigo Lopez (Lopes), was hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn after being accused by the Earl of Essex of conspiring with Spanish officials to poison the queen.

    Portuguese Lopez settled in London in 1559. He was a physician at St Bart’s and then to Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, before moving into Elizabeth’s employ.

    In 1584, a Catholic tract attacking Leicester accused Lopez of poisoning, but it wasn’t true. However, he made an enemy of Essex after he told Spanish officials details of Essex’s health.

    The charges against Lopez appear to be false. He maintained his innocence, and the queen seemed unsure of his guilt. It didn’t save him, though.

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  • Catherine of Aragon – The Case for Non-consummation by Amanda Glover

    Portraits of Catherine of Aragon and Arthur Tudor
  • June 6 – Musician William Hunnis

    Title page of A Hyve Full of Hunnye by William Hunnis

    On this day in Tudor history, 6th June 1597, Tudor musician William Hunnis died.

    Hunnis died a natural death, although he had been involved in a plot against the Crown in Mary I’s reign.

    Here are some facts about William Hunnis:

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  • Monday Martyr – Protestant Thomas Hawkes

    Thomas Hawkes clapping his hands above his head in an illustration from John Foxe's Book of Martyrs

    his week’s Monday Martyr is Thomas Hawkes who was burnt at the stake on 10th June 1555, in the reign of Queen Mary I, at Coggeshall in Essex.

    Hawkes ended up being brought before the Earl of Oxford because he hadn’t had his son baptised, because, as martyrologist John Foxe records, “he would not suffer him to be baptised after the popish manner”. The earl referred Hawkes on to Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London, who, with others also questioned Hawkes on his beliefs regarding the mass, the sacrament, the holy creed, holy water and other Catholic practices. These he also rejected, stating that they were contrary to the word of God.

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  • June 5 – The Earl of Essex is charged with insubordination

    A portrait of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, by Marcus Gheeraerts

    On this day in Tudor history, 5th June 1600, Elizabeth I’s favourite, thirty-four-year-old Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, was charged with insubordination during his time in Ireland at a special hearing at York House.

    Essex had been made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1599, but his campaign against the Irish was unsuccessful. He constantly ignored the Queen’s orders, acted contrary to her wishes and constantly worried about what his enemies were up to back in London. He ended up returning to England without Elizabeth’s permission, which amounted to desertion.

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  • Sunday Fun – Young Elizabeth I Word Search

    A picture of our Young Elizabeth i word search

    This week’s Sunday fun is a word search from our archives testing your knowledge of Elizabeth I’s early life, youth and pre-accession days.

    Find the answers to the questions in this word search and be warned: the words can go in any direction!

    Good luck!

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  • June 4 – Robert Dudley marries Amy Robsart

    Leicester and Amy Robsart at Cumnor Hall (1866) by Edward Matthew Ward

    On this day in Tudor history, 4th June 1550, in the reign of King Edward VI, Robert Dudley married Amy Robsart.

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  • June 3 – John Aylmer, Bishop of London, and his sacrifice for his queen

    On this day in Tudor history, 3rd June 1594, John Aylmer, Bishop of London, died at Fulham Palace. He was buried at St Paul’s Cathedral.

    I could tell you about his career as bishop, but I thought I’d share a story about him with you.

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  • June 2 – The executions of Sir Francis Bigod, George Lumley and Sir Thomas Percy

    An engraving of the Tyburn Tree, the gallows at Tyburn

    On this day in Tudor history, 2nd June 1537, in the reign of King Henry VIII, Sir Francis Bigod, George Lumley and Sir Thomas Percy were executed at Tyburn for their part in Bigod’s Rebellion which followed the Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion.

    You can find out more about Bigod and his rebellion in the video below, but interestingly he was a reformer and so initially opposed the Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion. However, he realised he had common ground with the rebels: his opposition to Henry VIII’s involvement in religious matters.

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  • June 1 – Anne Boleyn’s coronation

    A photo of Westminster Abbey and the National Portrait Gallery portrait of Anne Boleyn

    On this day in Tudor history, 1st June 1533, Whitsunday, Henry VIII’s second wife, Anne Boleyn, was crowned queen at Westminster Abbey.

    You can find out more about Anne Boleyn’s coronation in the video below, but here are a few facts:

    Anne was 6 months pregnant.
    She wore ermine-trimmed purple velvet coronation robes.
    Her train was carried by her step-grandmother, the Dowager Duchess of Norfolk.

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  • May 31 – The birth of Lady Margaret Beaufort, matriarch of the Tudor Dynasty

    A portrait of Lady Margaret Beaufort

    On this day in Tudor history, 31st May 1443, in the reign of King Henry VI, Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, and matriarch of the Tudor dynasty, was born at Bletsoe Castle in Bedfordshire.

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  • May 30 – Christopher Marlowe is fatally stabbed

    Portrait of an unknown man thought to be Christopher Marlowe

    On this day in Tudor history, 30th May 1593, the Elizabethan playwright and poet, Christopher Marlowe, was fatally stabbed in a house in Deptford Strand, London.

    The coroner ruled that Ingram Frizer, who had stabbed Marlowe, had acted “in the defence and saving of his own life”.

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  • Monday Martyr – Elizabeth Barton, the Holy Maid of Kent

    An engraving of Elizabeth Barton swooning with a vision

    This week’s Monday Martyr is Elizabeth Barton, who was hanged for treason at Tyburn on 20th April 1534, along with Father Edward Bocking (a monk and Barton’s spiritual adviser), Richard Masters (her parish priest), Richard Risby (warden of the Observant Friary at Canterbury) and Hugh Rich (warden of the Observant Friary at Richmond).

    Elizabeth had visions and prophecies, and one particular prophecy got her into trouble with King Henry VIII.

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  • May 29 – Queen Anne Boleyn’s coronation celebrations begin

    The Hever Rose portrait of Anne Boleyn
  • May 28 – Henry VIII’s marriage to Anne Boleyn is valid

    On this day in Tudor history, 28th May 1533, at Lambeth Palace, Thomas Cranmer, the recently appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, proclaimed the validity of the marriage of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

    This proclamation was the result of a secret enquiry carried out by the archbishop following the ruling of the special court set up at Dunstable Priory to hear the case for the annulment of Henry VIII’s first marriage. That court dissolved the marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Convocation had already determined, on 5th April 1533, that the Pope had no power to issue a dispensation for a man to marry his brother’s widow when it was contrary to God’s law.

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  • May 27 – Cardinal Pole makes an enemy of Henry VIII

    On this day in Tudor history, 27th May 1536, Cardinal Reginald Pole wrote to King Henry VIII from Venice.

    He wrote “Was informed by letters, first of your chaplain Mr. Starkey, and afterwards of Mr. Secretary, of your Grace’s pleasure that I should declare to you my opinion touching the superiority of the Pope, with other articles, and state my reasons. I have done so, accordingly, in a book which I send by the bearer. How it will satisfy you, He only knows in whose hand are the hearts of kings. If you wish further information of my purpose, I refer you to the bearer.”

    The cardinal attached a copy of his treatise, in which he criticised the king’s annulment and denied the royal supremacy. He was making an enemy and the king would take revenge.

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  • May 26 – Barbara Sidney, Countess of Leicester

    Barbara Sidney with six of her children, painted c. 1596 by Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger

    On this day in history, 26th May 1621, Barbara Sidney, Countess of Leicester, first wife of poet Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester, was buried at Penshurst.

    Barbara was born in around 1559 and was the daughter of John Gamage of Coety Manor, Glamorgan,and his wife Gwenllian. After her father’s death in 1584, William Cecil, Lord Burghley, as master of the wards, her uncles Sir Walter Ralegh and Lord Howard of Effingham, and her guardian Sir Edward Stradling all got involved in trying to arrange a marriage match for her. She married Robert Sidney, son of Sir Henry Sidney, Lord President of the Council, and brother of the famous Elizabethan poet Sir Philip Sidney. Robert was also a gifted poet.

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  • May 25 – Lady Jane Grey becomes Lady Jane Dudley

    The Streatham Portrait of Lady Jane Grey by an unknown artist, and a 19th century portrait of Lord Guildford Dudley

    On this day in Tudor history, 25th May 1553, in the reign of King Edward VI, Lady Jane Grey married Lord Guildford Dudley at Durham Place, the Dudley family’s London residence.

    Jane was the daughter of Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk, and Frances Brandon, and granddaughter of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, and Mary Tudor, Queen of France, and Guildford was the son of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, and Jane Guildford, and the grandson of Edmund Dudley, one of Henry VII’s chief advisors.

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  • May 24 – Robert Cecil, Elizabeth I’s Secretary of State and her “pygmy”

    On this day in history, 24th May 1612, courtier and statesman, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, died at Marlborough in Wiltshire. He had been diagnosed with two large tumours in August 1611 and was on his way home from taking the waters at Bath when he died.

    Robert Cecil served Queen Elizabeth I as Secretary of State from 1596 and was retained in that office by James I. He also served James as Lord High Treasurer from 1608. He was still serving in both those offices at his death.

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  • May 23 – Henry Grey is installed as a Knight of the Garter

    On this day in Tudor history, 23rd May 1547, in the reign of King Edward VI, Henry Grey, 3rd Marquis of Dorset was installed as a Knight of the Garter.

    Grey had longed to be a garter knight for years, but even though his father-in-law, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, nominated him annually, he was not elected. Things changed in Grey’s favour when Edward VI became king.

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  • May 22 – Edward Seymour joins Henry VIII’s privy council

    Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector

    On this day in Tudor history, 22nd May 1537, Edward Seymour, brother of Queen Jane Seymour, was sworn in as a privy councillor.

    Edward, who was born in around 1500, had been at court since early adolescence, and he’d risen to become an esquire of the body by 1531.

    In 1536, when the king was wooing his sister, Jane, Edward was appointed to the king’s privy chamber. Following Henry and Jane’s marriage, the rewards came thick and fast…

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  • Monday Martyr – Lollard Thomas Harding

    A memorial stone to martyr Thomas Harding in Chesham

    This week’s Monday Martyr is Lollard Thomas Harding.

    Harding was in his sixties when he was sent to be burnt at the stake for heresy at Chesham, in Buckinghamshire, on 30th May 1532, in the reign of King Henry VIII. Thankfully, his suffering was cut short when he was killed by a blow to the head when a bystander threw a billet of wood at him.

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  • May 21 – Philip II of Spain

    A portrait of Philip II of Spain by Anthonis Mor

    On this day in Tudor history, 21st May 1527, King Philip II of Spain was born at Valladolid in Spain.

    Philip was the eldest son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and his wife Isabella of Portugal. His titles included King of Spain, King of Portugal, King of Naples and Sicily, Duke of Milan, and Lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands. He was also joint sovereign of England following his marriage to his second wife, Mary I, in 1554.

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  • May 20 – Henry VIII moves on with Jane Seymour

    A portrait of Jane Seymour by Hans Holbein the Younger

    On this day in Tudor history, 20th May 1536, just 24 hours after Anne Boleyn’s execution, Henry VIII became betrothed to Jane Seymour, Anne’s former maid of honour.

    The imperial ambassador Eustace Chapuys wasn’t impressed by Jane, describing her as medium height, “no great beauty”, “rather pale”, inclined to be “proud and haughty” and lacking wit. Her age and length of time at court also made him doubt whether she was a virgin! He did like the fact that she was sympathetic to Mary’s cause though – phew!.

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  • From the Archives – Queen Anne Boleyn

    As today is the anniversary of Queen Anne Boleyn’s execution on 19th May 1536, I thought I’d share with you this talk I did a few years ago on Anne Boleyn’s fall.

    In it, I examine the roles of Thomas Cromwell and Henry VIII in those bloody events. Did Thomas Cromwell plot all by himself or was he simply his master’s servant? Was Henry VIII ultimately responsible? Why did Anne Boleyn have to die?

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  • May 19 – Queen Anne Boleyn is executed

    A German engraving of Anne Boleyn's execution

    On this day in Tudor history, 19th May 1536, Henry VIII’s second wife, Queen Anne Boleyn, was executed at the Tower of London.

    Anne had been found guilty of treason for seducing five courtiers, including her brother, George Boleyn, Lord Rochford, and the king’s friend and groom of the stool, Henry Norris, and plotting with them to kill the king. The men were executed on Tower Hill on 17th May 1536.

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  • May 18 – Queen Anne Boleyn’s execution is postponed

    The Dulwich Gallery portrait of Anne Boleyn. It's similar to the Hever Rose portrait.

    On this day in Tudor history, 18th May 1536, Queen Anne Boleyn, who was all prepared for her execution that day, was informed by Sir William Kingston, the Constable of the Tower, that her execution had been postponed until the following day.

    After Kingston told her, Anne replied, “I thought to be dead by this time, and past my pain”.

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  • May 17 – Five men are executed for sleeping with a queen

    Tower Hill memorial
  • May 16 – Sir Thomas More resigns

    On this day in Tudor history, 16th May 1532, Sir Thomas More resigned as King Henry VIII’s Lord Chancellor.

    More, who had been a real father figure to Henry VIII, had held the office since 25th October 1529, following the fall of his predecessor, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. However, More opposed Henry VIII’s quest for an annulment of his first marriage, and the idea of the king being the supreme head of the church. The final straw for More, was the king’s attack on the clergy, on 11th May 1532, when he suggested they were traitors because of their oath to Rome, and the subsequent submission of the clergy to the king’s demands.

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