The Tudor Society
  • Martin Bucer, a Reformer who wanted Peace

    A German portrait of Martin Bucer

    On the night of 28th February 1551, a man who had spent his life fighting for religious reform took his last breath in Cambridge. His name was Martin Bucer—a theologian, a reformer, and a man whose influence stretched across Europe.
    But even in death, his struggles weren’t over. Six years after his burial, his body was dug up, put on trial for heresy, and publicly burned in Cambridge along with his works.

    So, who was Martin Bucer? Why was he considered such a threat that even his bones had to be destroyed? And why is he remembered today as a key figure in the Protestant Reformation?

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  • Anne Line, Margaret Clitherow and Margaret Ward – Three Catholic Martyrs

    A statue of Anne Line

    Today, on the anniversary of Anne Line’s execution, on 27th February 1601, I’m honouring her and two other remarkable women, Margaret Clitherow and Margaret Ward, who gave their lives for harbouring Catholic priests in Elizabethan England.

    Their crime? Offering sanctuary to men whose very existence had been outlawed. Their fate? Torture, brutal executions, and posthumous sainthood.
    But why was it so dangerous to harbour a priest in the reign of Elizabeth I?

    In Tudor England, religion wasn’t just a matter of personal belief—it was a matter of life and death.

    Following Henry VIII’s break with Rome, England became a Protestant nation. But when his daughter Mary I took the throne, she restored Catholicism and a couple of hundred Protestants burned at the stake. Then, in 1558, Elizabeth I became queen, and England swung back to Protestantism.
    Catholics who had hoped for tolerance soon realised that Elizabeth’s government viewed them as a threat. When the Pope excommunicated Elizabeth in 1570, it escalated the conflict. Catholics were now seen as potential traitors—loyal to the Pope, not the queen.

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  • George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon

    A miniature of George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon, by Nicholas Hilliard

    He was the grandson of Mary Boleyn, the husband of Elizabeth Spencer, and a trusted courtier of Elizabeth I. But George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon, wasn’t just another nobleman, he was a key figure in the world of Elizabethan theatre, a patron of Shakespeare’s acting company, and a man who rose to one of the most powerful positions at court.

    Today, let’s dive into the fascinating life of George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon; his Boleyn connections, his military career, and his role in shaping the golden age of Elizabethan theatre.

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  • Elizabeth Carey, Lady Hunsdon

    A black and white photo of a miniature of Elizabeth Carey (née Spencer), Baroness Hunsdon, by Nicholas Hilliard.

    he was the wife of a Boleyn descendant, the patron of some of Elizabeth I’s greatest minds, and a member of the powerful Spencer dynasty, the same family as Princess Diana. Yet, history has largely forgotten Elizabeth Carey, Lady Hunsdon.

    Meet Elizabeth Carey (née Spencer), Lady Hunsdon, a Tudor noblewoman who lived a life of influence, power, and cultural significance.

    Born on 29th June 1552 at Althorp (yes, the same family estate later associated with Princess Diana!), Elizabeth was part of the powerful Spencer dynasty, being the sixth child of Sir John Spencer and his wife, Katherine Kitson.

    Through marriage to Sir George Carey, later 2nd Baron Hunsdon, grandson of Mary Boleyn, in 1574, Elizabeth became linked to the legacy of Anne Boleyn and Queen Elizabeth I. The couple had one daughter, and their marriage was reportedly happy—Carey even described Elizabeth as “the sweetest Companion that ever Man hathe found in this lief.” After Carey’s death in 1603, Elizabeth married Ralph Eure, 3rd Baron Eure. But it was in the world of literature and music that she made her mark.

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  • The Scandalous Life of Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton – Murder, Intrigue and Royal Favour

    Portrait of Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton, by an unknown artist

    Murder, political betrayal, royal intrigue… The life of Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton, had it all. He was a survivor in a dangerous world, navigating the courts of Elizabeth I and James I, escaping imprisonment five times, and playing a shadowy role in one of the most scandalous murder cases of the 17th century.

    But who was he? And how did he go from being a suspected traitor to one of the most powerful men in England? Stick around as we uncover the secrets of this Tudor earl—his rise, his rivalries, and his connection to a deadly conspiracy…

    Birthday boy Henry Howard was born into one of England’s most prestigious families on 24th February 1540. But that didn’t mean his life was destined to be easy… because his family was already marked by treason.

    His father? None other than Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey—the poet and courtier executed by Henry VIII in 1547 for alleged treason. His brother? Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk—executed by Elizabeth I for plotting to marry Mary, Queen of Scots. With this kind of family history, you’d think Henry would learn to stay away from treasonous schemes… but you’d be wrong.

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  • The Tragic Tale of Lady Katherine Grey

    A miniature of Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp, as a child with his mother Lady Katherine Grey

    On this day in Tudor history, 21st February 1568, Lady Katherine Grey, Countess of Hertford, was laid to rest at Yoxford. But her story doesn’t end there. Years later, her grandson reinterred her remains in the Seymour family tomb at Salisbury Cathedral.

    Katherine Grey’s life may have been short—she was only around twenty-seven when she died—but it was filled with political intrigue, imprisonment, and heartbreak. She was a granddaughter of Mary Tudor, Queen of France, and Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, making her a first cousin once removed to Queen Elizabeth I. More significantly, she was the younger sister of Lady Jane Grey, the so-called ‘Nine Days’ Queen.’ And like Jane, Katherine’s royal blood made her both a pawn and a threat in Tudor politics.

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  • Anne Herbert (née Parr), Countess of Pembroke and a Queen’s sister

    Anne Parr

    She served five of Henry VIII’s queens, witnessed scandal, betrayal, and power shifts, and became the closest confidante of the last Tudor queen consort—yet history has largely forgotten her.

    She was Anne Herbert (née Parr), Countess of Pembroke, the younger sister of Catherine Parr.

    Anne played a key role in Tudor court life, navigating its dangers with intelligence and grace. She stood beside queens who lost their heads, carried out high-stakes royal duties, and even found herself entrusted with the doomed Catherine Howard’s jewels.

    But who was Anne Herbert beyond her royal connections? What was her true role at court? And how did she manage to stay in favour through so many royal changes?

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  • Lady Margaret Douglas, a Royal Rebel

    Miniature of Lady Margaret Douglas by Nicholas Hilliard

    On this day in Tudor history, 19th February 1567, while imprisoned in the Tower of London, Lady Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, received devastating news – her son, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, King of Scotland, had been brutally murdered at Kirk o’ Field in Edinburgh.

    But this wasn’t just the loss of a son, it was the destruction of her dynastic ambitions, the shattering of her hopes for the future, and yet another chapter of heartbreak in Margaret’s turbulent life.

    So, who was Margaret Douglas, why was she in the Tower, and what did this moment mean for her—and for the tangled web of Tudor and Stuart politics?

    Margaret Douglas was no ordinary noblewoman, she was a granddaughter of Henry VII, and the daughter of Margaret Tudor (Henry VIII’s sister) and her second husband, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus. This made her a first cousin to Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I, and a serious contender for the English throne in the eyes of many.

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  • Mary I and Elizabeth I – Similarities and Differences

    Mary I and Elizabeth I

    On 18th February 1516, Mary I of England was born, a Tudor princess who would go on to become England’s first crowned queen regnant. To commemorate her birth, I want to explore the fascinating similarities and stark differences between Mary I and her half-sister, Elizabeth I.

    Both were daughters of Henry VIII, both were queens in their own right, and both faced incredible challenges. But while Mary’s reign lasted just five years, Elizabeth ruled for over 44 years, shaping what is often seen as England’s Golden Age.

    So, what did these two queens have in common? And where did they differ?

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  • Mary, Queen of Scots falls for Lord Darnley’s charms

    Mary, Queen of Scots, and Lord Darnley

    On 17th February 1565, Mary, Queen of Scots met Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley at Wemyss Castle in Scotland, and fell in love.

    It seemed like a fairy tale. Darnley was young, tall, handsome, and charming. He was of royal blood, with claims to both the Scottish and English thrones. He was the son of Lady Margaret Douglas—Mary’s own cousin—and Matthew Stuart, Earl of Lennox, whose family had spent years in exile after being declared traitors. The House of Lennox had once supported Henry VIII’s attempts to control Scotland, and by the 1560s, they were eager to regain their influence.

    But for Mary, Darnley appeared to be the perfect husband – a man who could help her strengthen her claim to the English throne, provide her with heirs, and reinforce her position in Scotland. Plus she’d rather fallen under his spell – he was quite the charmer.

    Yet, this love match was one of the worst decisions she ever made – a decision that set her on a course toward scandal, betrayal, and ultimately, her downfall.

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  • Love, Scandal & Romance in Tudor Times – A Valentine’s Day Special

    Thumbnail for my Tudor love stories video

    Valentine’s Day is all about love, and what better way to celebrate than by diving into some fascinating Tudor romance? Whether it was passionate devotion, scandalous affairs, or tragic endings, love in the Tudor era was rarely simple.

    In my Teasel’s Tudor Trivia, I explore how Valentine’s Day was celebrated in Tudor England – from medieval love letters to a ‘Secret Santa’ style tradition!

    And in my special Tudor Love Stories video, I take a look at some of history’s most captivating couples – from Mary Boleyn’s scandalous secret marriage to Elizabeth I’s forbidden love for Robert Dudley.

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  • The Executions of Queen Catherine Howard and Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford

    Catherine Howard

    On this day in Tudor history, 13th February 1542, Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII, and Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, were executed at the Tower of London.

    Their crime?

    Treason against the king – but was Catherine guilty of more than youthful indiscretion? And why was Jane condemned alongside her?

    The story of Catherine Howard is one of ambition, betrayal, and a tragic downfall. A young queen who once captured the heart of Henry VIII, she would ultimately face the same fate as her infamous cousin, Anne Boleyn. But Catherine’s downfall wasn’t just about her past—her secret meetings with Thomas Culpeper proved to be her undoing.

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  • James Fenn – A solid alibi but still found guilty?

    James Fenn

    On this day in Tudor history, 12th February 1584, five Catholic priests, including James Fenn, were brutally executed at Tyburn. Their crime? Simply practising their faith in Elizabethan England.

    James Fenn’s story is one of faith, resilience, and, ultimately, martyrdom. A man who had once been a scholar, a husband, and a father found himself condemned to a traitor’s death, despite his insistence that he was innocent of the charges against him. His final moments, including a heart-wrenching farewell to his little daughter, make this one of the most tragic yet compelling stories of the Elizabethan persecution of Catholics.

    So, who was James Fenn, and how did he end up on the scaffold at Tyburn?

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  • Elizabeth of York, Queen of Hearts

    A portrait of Elizabeth of York, queen consort of Henry VII

    On this day in Tudor history, 11th February 1466, Elizabeth of York was born at Westminster Palace.

    She was the daughter of a king, the sister of the Princes in the Tower, the wife of Henry VII, the mother of Henry VIII, and the grandmother of Edward VI, Mary I, Elizabeth I and James V. Her bloodline shaped the future of England, but she’s often overshadowed by the powerful men and women she was related to.

    But Elizabeth was no passive figure. She was a key part of dynastic politics, and her marriage helped end the Wars of the Roses. Today, I’m exploring her remarkable life, her role in uniting the warring houses of Lancaster and York, and why she truly deserves to be remembered as the Queen of Hearts.

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  • Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland, his magic ring and his murderous plotting

    Arms of Henry Neville

    On this day in Tudor history, 10th February 1564, Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland, died—but not before leaving behind a legacy of scandal, treason, and… magic?

    In 1536, at just 11 years old, Henry Neville, who was the eldest son of Ralph Neville, 4th Earl of Westmorland, and Catherine Stafford, and the grandson of the executed Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was taken hostage during the Pilgrimage of Grace, a major Tudor rebellion. His captors used him as a bargaining chip to force his father’s compliance—quite the dramatic start to his life!

    By 1546, Neville had racked up huge gambling debts and was desperate for a way out. So what did he do? He purchased a magical ring that supposedly summoned angels to help clear his debts! Spoiler alert: it didn’t work, and he landed in Fleet Prison.

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  • Mary, Queen of Scots, prepares to die

    Mary, Queen of Scots

    On this day in Tudor history, 7th February 1587, a fateful message arrived at Fotheringhay Castle – the execution warrant for Mary, Queen of Scots. After years of imprisonment and political intrigue, her fate was sealed. But how did Mary react when she was told she would die the next morning? What did she do in her final hours?

    Today, we’re travelling back in time to Mary’s last evening on earth—her defiant words, her final prayers, and the preparations she made for her death. This is the story of a queen who faced the axe with courage and unwavering faith.

    Mary, Queen of Scots, had been tried for treason in October 1586 after being implicated in the Babington Plot, a plot to depose Queen Elizabeth I and to replace her with Mary. She had been found guilty and sentenced to death, but Elizabeth would not sign the execution warrant, not wanting the responsibility of killing an anointed queen. However, Mary’s gaoler, Sir Amias Paulet, would not agree to quietly doing away with Mary, and after pressure from her council and petitions from Parliament, Elizabeth finally signed the warrant, although she later said she had asked for it not to be sent to Fotheringhay yet.

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  • The Royal Family’s connection to the Boleyns and Tudors, and beyond

    A portrait of a woman thought to be Mary Boleyn from the collection at Hever Castle

    Today marks the anniversary of the accession of the late Queen Elizabeth II on 6th February 1952. She was the longest reigning monarch in British history, ruling from this day in 1952 until her death in September 2022. As we reflect on her remarkable reign, I thought it would be fitting to explore an intriguing piece of history—the present royal family’s descent from both the Tudors and the Boleyns.

    Yes, you heard that right! King Charles III has Tudor blood AND Boleyn blood.

    But wait—how is that possible? The last Tudor monarch, Elizabeth I, died childless, and as we all know, she was Anne Boleyn’s only surviving child. So where does the royal family’s Tudor-Boleyn connection come from?

    Let’s unravel this fascinating royal lineage…

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  • Sir Edward Stafford – A diplomat and suspected spy

    William Cecil, Philip II, Elizabeth I and Sir Francis Walsingham

    On this day in history, 5th February 1605, Sir Edward Stafford, Elizabethan diplomat, MP, and suspected spy, died. His life was one of political manoeuvring, intrigue, and scandal—his story a fascinating mix of loyalty, ambition, and betrayal.

    So, who was Edward Stafford, and why does his name carry the stain of espionage?

    Born in 1552, Edward had impressive Tudor lineage. His mother, Dorothy Stafford, was the granddaughter of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (executed by Henry VIII), and also the great-granddaughter of George, Duke of Clarence, who was allegedly drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine on the orders of his brother, Edward IV.

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  • A Royal Wedding – Anne of York and Thomas Howard

    Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk

    On 4th February 1495, Anne of York, daughter of Edward IV and sister of Queen Elizabeth of York, married Thomas Howard, the future 3rd Duke of Norfolk, at Westminster Abbey. But this was far more than just a romantic union—it was a strategic marriage with deep political significance.

    It was an unlikely match. Anne was the sister-in-law of King Henry VII, and Thomas Howard’s father and grandfather had fought against Henry at the Battle of Bosworth Field just ten years earlier.

    So why did Henry VII allow this marriage? And what did it mean for the future of the Howard family?

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  • Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, a victim of Henry VIII’s paranoia

    Portrait of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, aged 42

    What happens when ambition, power, and royal paranoia collide? Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, was one of the wealthiest and most influential men in Tudor England—a man with royal blood and a life of privilege. But his story ends with betrayal, scandal, and a rigged trial.

    Was he a victim of Henry VIII’s fear of rivals, or was there truth to the charges against him?

    Edward Stafford was born on this day in Tudor history, 3rd February 1478, at Brecon Castle, a member of the powerful Stafford family. His father, the 2nd Duke of Buckingham, had rebelled against Richard III and paid the ultimate price—execution in 1483. Young Edward’s life began in turmoil, but it seemed his fortunes would improve when Henry VII came to the throne in 1485.

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